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waste Department of Defence
$5.5B

Australia's biggest defence projects blew out by $5.5 billion — just from exchange rate movements

ANAO's 2024-25 Major Projects Report found $5,512.9 million in exchange-rate-driven budget variations across 21 projects. The F-35 Joint Strike Fighter alone accounts for $3.1 billion. Australia signed fixed-price foreign-currency contracts without adequate hedging.

On Their Watch
RM
Richard Marles
This happened on Marles's watch as Defence Minister, June 2022–present. Minister for Defence responsible for ANAO Major Projects portfolio oversight
Department: Department of Defence
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What This Means

$5.5B of Australian taxpayer money was wasted at Department of Defence. ANAO's 2024-25 Major Projects Report found $5,512.9 million in exchange-rate-driven budget variations across 21 projects. The F-35 Joint Strike Fighter alone accounts for $3.1 billion. Australia signed fixed-price foreign-currency contracts without adequate hedging.

Spread across Australia's 10.8 million households, that's roughly $510 per family — enough in total for funding roughly 46 public hospitals for a full year.

  • ANAO's 2024-25 Major Projects Report (Auditor-General Report No.
  • 16 of 2025-26) found $5,512.9 million in exchange-rate-driven budget variations across 21 major defence projects.
  • Total expenditure on these 21 projects: $37.4 billion.
Amount Spent
$37,400,000,000
Original Estimate
Not specified
Waste / Overrun
$5,512,900,000
AI Confidence
95%

Analysis

ANAO's 2024-25 Major Projects Report (Auditor-General Report No. 16 of 2025-26) found $5,512.9 million in exchange-rate-driven budget variations across 21 major defence projects. Total expenditure on these 21 projects: $37.4 billion.

The F-35 Joint Strike Fighter alone accounts for $3.1 billion (57%) of the exchange-rate blowout. Australia signed fixed-price foreign-currency contracts without adequate currency hedging — effectively exposing billions of taxpayer dollars to foreign exchange risk with no protection.

The Hunter Class Frigate has a "real variation" (project scope change) of $19.7 billion — the project has changed so dramatically in scope that 3 fewer ships are now being built (originally 9, now contracted for 6). Exchange rate losses compound the scope variation.

Australian households: 10.8 million. Total exchange-rate losses of $5.5B = approximately $510 per household in additional defence spending that could have been avoided with standard hedging instruments.

This is not bad luck — it is a procurement governance failure. The Commonwealth Procurement Rules require value-for-money assessment. Signing billion-dollar foreign-currency contracts without FX risk management is a direct breach of that standard.

Sources:

- ANAO Major Projects Report 2024-25: https://www.anao.gov.au/work/major-projects-report/2024-25-major-projects-report

- ASPI Budget Brief 2025-26: https://www.aspi.org.au/report/the-cost-of-defence-aspi-defence-budget-brief-2025-2026/

Sources

https://www.anao.gov.au/work/major-projects-report/2024-25-major-projects-reporthttps://www.aspi.org.au/report/the-cost-of-defence-aspi-defence-budget-brief-2025-2026/
Category: waste
Severity: critical
Agency: Department of Defence
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Department: Department of Defence
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